This study developed a rapid and highly specific real-time PCR assay combined with High Resolution Melt (HRM) curve analysis for detecting Salmonella in water samples. Targeting the invA virulence gene, the method incorporates a 16–18 hour pre-enrichment step and achieved 100% specificity, with a detection limit of 1 CFU/ml in surface water samples.

When applied to routine environmental samples, the assay detected Salmonella particularly in surface waters and treated effluents, significantly reducing detection time to under 24 hours compared to several days required by conventional culture methods. The method provides a practical, cost-effective tool for rapid outbreak investigation and routine water quality monitoring.