This study investigated the occurrence and survival of Vibrio cholerae in KwaZulu-Natal surface waters, focusing on rivers with a history of cholera outbreaks. Monthly sampling was conducted over 14 months in the Msunduzi, Umlazi, and Isipingo Rivers to assess water, sediments, plankton, and invertebrates.

Using advanced real-time PCR detection methods, the research confirmed frequent presence of non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae strains. Importantly, epidemic-associated toxigenic O1 and O139 serogroups were not detected in the monitored sites.

The study identified clear links between environmental conditions — including temperature, turbidity, salinity, and E. coli levels — and the distribution of Vibrio cholerae in KwaZulu-Natal rivers. Results show that environmental strains can persist in biofilms, sediments, and plankton, highlighting the importance of molecular surveillance.

These findings support proactive monitoring and early-warning strategies to reduce cholera risk in communities relying on untreated surface water.